Western civilization, as seen through the lens of Iain McGilchrist, can be understood as a broad cultural, philosophical, and historical phenomenon arising from the synergistic interplay of Greco-Roman thought, Judeo-Christian values, and the evolving notions of individuality and rationality that have characterized European history. It is a civilization unique in its endeavor to balance the analytical left hemisphere's drive for control and categorization with the right hemisphere's appreciation for context, meaning, and connection. Its unique trajectory has given rise to unprecedented scientific and technological advancements, flourishing artistic and intellectual movements, and complex political and social institutions. However, McGilchrist would caution that the overemphasis on the former at the expense of the latter has led to imbalances, potentially diminishing the integrative, empathetic, and holistic aspects that also define this rich tapestry of human endeavor.

See also: ancient greek, left hemisphere, right hemisphere, corpus callosum, middle age